Clinical features of children with Cunninghamella spp. infection: a case report and literature review / 南方医科大学学报

We report a case of mucormycosis induced by Cunninghamella spp. infection in a ten-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who developed fever and respiratory symptoms after chemotherapy and was diagnosed with invasive fungal disease. Peripheral blood DNA sequences were analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and by comparison with the Pathogens Metagenomics Database (PMDB), we identified Cunninghamella spp. with sequence number 514 as the pathogen. The patient was treated with amphotericin B combined with posaconazole and showed a favorable response. We searched Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang database for reports of cases of Cunninghamella spp. infection in children and retrieved 22 reported cases (including 12 males) with a median age of 13.5 (3-18) years. In these 22 cases, hematological malignancy was the most common underlying condition (19/22), and most of patients experienced an acute onset and rapid progression with respiratory symptoms (14/20) and fever (16/20) as the most common symptoms. CT imaging often showed unilateral lesions with varying imaging findings, including pulmonary nodules or masses, infiltrative changes, and pleural effusion. Definite diagnoses were established in 18 of the cases, and 4 had probable diagnoses; the lungs and skin were the most frequent organs compromised by the infection. A definite diagnosis of Cunninghamella spp. infection still relied on histopathological examination and fungal culture, but the molecular techniques including PCR and mNGS had shown potentials in the diagnosis. Almost all the cases received antifungal treatment after diagnosis (21/22), and 13 patients also underwent surgeries. Death occurred in 9 (42%) of the cases at a median of 19 (4-54) days after onset of the signs or symptoms. The patients receiving antifungal therapy combined with surgery had a high survival rate (9/13, 69%) than those with antifungal therapy alone (3/8, 37%). Invasive fungal disease is a common complication in immunoco-mpromised patients, but Cunninghamella spp. infection is rare and has a high mortality rate. In cases highly suspected of this disease, active diagnosis and early treatment are critical to improve the survival outcomes of the patients.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on pyroptosis in mice with acute renal injury induced by endotoxin and the relationship with miRNA-223-3p / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on pyroptosis in mice with acute renal injury induced by endotoxin and the relationship with miRNA-223-3p.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male ICR mice, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group L), LPS plus dexmedetomidine group (group LD), and LPS plus dexmedetomidine plus atipamezole group (group LDT). The model of acute renal injury induced by endotoxin was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 400 μg/kg, followed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 10 mg/kg 8 h later.Dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once every 2 h for 3 times in total starting from 30 min after establishing the model in group LD.Atipamezole 750 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after establishing the model, and 30 min later dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once every 2 h for 3 times in total in group LDT.The equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in group C. Blood samples were collected from the heart at 24 h after establishing the model, and serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer.The animals were sacrificed and the left kidney tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of pathological changes after HE staining (with a light microscope) and for determination of the expression of caspase-1 p20, NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-related protein 3 (NLRP3) and ASC protein and mRNA (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot), contents of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and rate of pyroptosis in renal cortical cells (by TUNEL). Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN were significantly increased, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20 and ASC protein and mRNA in the renal tissues was up-regulated, the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased, the rate of pyroptosis in renal cortical cells was increased ( P<0.05), no significant change was found in the expression of miRNA-223-3p ( P>0.05), and pathological changes of kidney were accentuated in group L. Compared with group L, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN were significantly decreased, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20 and ASC protein and mRNA in the renal tissues was down-regulated, the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased, the rate of pyroptosis in renal cortical cells was decreased, the expression of miRNA-223-3p was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and pathological changes of kidney were attenuated in group LD.Compared with group LD, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN were significantly increased, the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased, the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20 and ASC protein and mRNA in the renal tissues was up-regulated, the rate of pyroptosis in renal cortical cells was increased, the expression of miRNA-223-3p was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of kidney were accentuated in group LDT. Conclusion:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces acute renal injury may be related to up-regulating the expression of miRNA-223-3p and inhibiting pyroptosis in mice.

Protective effects of carnosic acid against aging in a premature cellular senescence model and in a D-galactose induced mouse model / 药学学报

This study aimed to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of carnosic acid (CA) on delaying aging. The effects of CA on senescence-related β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity and expressions of p53, p21 and p16 were evaluated by an oxidative challenge induced premature 2BS cell senescence model. Meanwhile, the animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Hospital. Male C57 BL/6J mice were injected with 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 D-galactose (D-gal) for 8 weeks to establish an aging model in vivo, and CA at 5 and 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 were given ig administration at the same time. Morris water maze test was used to test the spatial memory ability. Then the serum and tissue samples were collected for the detections of malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as well as the protein expression of p53, p21 and p16 in hippocampus of brain. The results showed that H2O2 induced increment of SA-β-Gal activity (95%) was prevented by CA treatment (35%) and the enhanced protein expressions of p53, p21 and p16 in H2O2 exposed 2BS cells were alleviated by CA treatment, suggesting a potent protective role of CA against premature senescence induced by oxidative challenge. For in vivo study, D-gal induced declined spatial memory ability was partly reversed by CA administration. Besides, the serum and cerebral levels of MDA, IL-6, TNFα and AGEs were attenuated by CA treatment when compared to those in model mice. And the protein expressions of p53, p21 and p16 in mice hippocampus were suppressed by CA in D-gal treated mice. Taken together, our results showed that CA protects premature senescence induced by oxidative stress and D-gal, which is related to its antioxidative, antiinflammatory roles and inhibition on non-enzymatic glycosylation.

The effect of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on infantile eczema: a cohort study / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema in a Chinese population. Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted and 523 women were recruited at 20-28 weeks of pregnancy in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2018. A validated 81-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess maternal dietary intakes during the past month. Food items were divided into ten food groups according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. Offspring were followed up at 6 months by the symptom questionnaire of eczema. Multivariate Logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema. Results The cumulative incidence of eczema at 6 months was 51.8%. Maternal consumption of poultry was higher in the eczema group (27.62±25.20 g/d) than the control group (22.03±22.63 g/d, P=0.022). Comparing to the lowest quantile (Q1), higher maternal intake of poultry (Q4) and fish (Q3) were significantly associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.24-4.81; OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.23-4.59, respectively) after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion Higher intakes of poultry or fish during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema in Chinese population.

Clinical and genetic analyses of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical and genetic features of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and the association between genotype and prognosis. Methods The clinical data of 15 children who were diagnosed with JMML were collected. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect common gene mutations of JMML.@*RESULTS@#The male/female ratio was 6.5:1, and the age of onset was 19 months (range 2-67 months). Of the 15 children, 11 (73%) experienced disease onset before the age of 4 years, with abdominal distension and pyrexia as initial symptoms. All children had hepatosplenomegaly and superficial lymphadenectasis, with a number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of >1.0×10/L and a percentage of juvenile cells of 1%-7% in peripheral blood smear. The percentage of bone marrow blasts + juvenile cells was <20%, and the percentage of monoblasts + promonocytes was 1%-10%. Of the 15 children, 10 (67%) had a higher level of hemoglobin F than the normal level at the corresponding age, with the highest level of 62.5%. All 15 children had the absence of Philadelphia chromosome, and one child had chromosome 7 deletion. All 15 children had a negative result of BCR/ABL fusion gene detection. PTPN11 gene mutation was found in 5 children (33%), NF1 mutation in 4 children (27%), CBL mutation in 3 children (20%), and RAS mutation in 3 children (20%). No children received regular chemotherapy, and one child underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The median follow-up time of 15 children was 18 months (range 1-48 months). Among the 15 children, 8 died (among whom 4 had PTPN11 gene mutation, 3 had NF1 mutation, and 1 had RAS mutation) and 7 survived. The children with PTPN11 mutation had the worst prognosis and the highest mortality rate, and those with CBL or NRAS mutation had a relatively good prognosis. The level of hemoglobin F was negatively correlated with survival time (r=-7.21, P=0.002).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In children with JMML, the type of gene mutation is associated with prognosis. The children with PTPN11 mutation often have a poor prognosis, and those with CBL or NRAS mutation have a relatively good prognosis.

Main Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Influencing Factors about Food-borne Diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2016 / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the incidence and its main pathogenic bacteria infection status of food-borne diarrhea and analyze their influencing factors in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2016. Me thods 1743 cases of food-borne diarrhea were collected, which were supervised from 11 hospitals covering from 2012 to 2016 years in Yunnan province.We gathered and tested the biological samples. Meanwhile, we analyzed the main pathogenic bacteria and their influencing factors. Re s ults 65 positive strains samples were checked out in 1743 cases of food-borne diarrhea positive samples, the positive rate was 3.73％ (65/1743). Salmonella and Shigella strains were the main pathogenic bacteria, the main suspect food was meat and its products, as well as fruits and their products. In this study, Professions, methods of processing and clinical diagnosis were considered as the main factors of main pathogenic microbe detectable rates of food-borne diarrhea cases in Yunnan province. Conclus ion We should carry out public health education widespreadly in nursery, scattered children, farmers and migrant workers, students and other special crowds, provide intervention measures, attach great importance to food processing, reduce the possible contamination of food during processing, improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment and the recognization ability of food-borne diseases, and propose targeted prevention and control measures.Thus, food-borne disease can be prevented and controlled effectively.

Dynamic expression and role of SUMO-modified C/EBPα in preterm rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasisa induced by hyperoxia exposure / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of SUMO-modified CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) in preterm rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasisa (BPD) induced by hyperoxia exposure and its role.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen preterm rats were randomly divided into an air group and a hyperoxia group (n=9 each). The model of BPD was prepared in preterm rats exposed to hyperoxia. The rats from the two groups were sacrificed on postnatal days 4, 7 and 14 respectively (3 rats at each time) and lung tissues were harvested. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to observe the differentiation of rat lung tissues. Ki67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of small ubiquitin-related modifier-1(SUMO1) and C/EBPα. A co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to measure the protein expression of SUMO-modified C/EBPα.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group showed a decreased glycogen content in the lung tissue on postnatal day 4, and an increased content on postnatal days 7 and 14. Over the time of hyperoxia exposure, the hyperoxia group showed an increased expression of Ki67 in the lung tissue compared with the air group at all time points. Compared with the air group, the protein expression of C/EBPα increased on postnatal day 4 and decreased on postnatal days 7 and 14 in the hyperoxia group (P<0.05). The hyperoxia group had significantly upregulated expression of SUMO1 and SUMO-modified C/EBPα compared with the air group at all time points (P<0.05). In the hyperoxia group, the protein expression of SUMO-modified C/EBPα was positively correlated with the glycogen content (r=0.529, P<0.05) and the expression of Ki67 (r=0.671, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hyperoxia may induce over-proliferation and differentiation disorders of alveolar epithelial cells in preterm rat model of BPD, possibly through an increased expression of SUMO-modified C/EBP&alpha.</p>

Related factors accelerate fracture healing in traumatic brain injury combined with fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Brain injury can promote fracture healing is becoming an issue of concern, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown.OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of cerebral injury combined with right tibial fracture, and to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group A: blank control group;group B: simple brain injury group; group C: simple tibial fracture group; group D: tibial fracture combined with brain injury. The cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 were detected at different time points. The rabbits in the groups C and D were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after modeling to remove the whole tibia, and scanned by X-ray. The callus volume was calculated, and the pathological changes were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fracture healing was faster in the group D than the group C. The callus volume,trabecular width, trabecular area ratio, and the number of newly born vessels in the group D were significantly higher than those in the group C at 4 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). The cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the group D were significantly higher than those in the group C (P < 0.05), and the cerebrospinal fluid levels reached the maximum values earlier than did the serum levels. Furthermore, in the group D, the calcitonin gene-related peptide level was increased earlier than the other two factors. To conclude, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 are essential factors involved in promoting fracture healing after traumatic brain injury, and moreover calcitonin gene-related peptide shows a stronger ability than the other factors.

Preparation,characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of hydroxycamptothecin-phospholipid complex / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To prepare hydroxycamptothecin-phospholipid complex(HCPT-PC),characterize its physicochemi-cal properties,and evaluate the cytotoxicity. Methods The particle size and morphology of HCPT-PC were characterized by malvern particle size potentiometer,scanning electron microscopy(TEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Its composite mecha-nism was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The solubility and antitumor activity were also investigat-ed. Results The particle size of HCPT-PC was(145.08±18.37)nm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micros-copy revealed that HCPT-PC was uniformly distributed with a spherical shape. X-ray powder diffraction indicated that HCPT changed from crystalline to amorphous state in HCPT-PC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that there was a weak interaction be-tween HCPT and PC. The solubility of HCPT-PC in water,PBS,ethanol and n-octanol was about 21.91,20.36,1.42 and 6.32 times than that of HCPT,respectively. After treated with HepG2,SMMC-7721 and H22 cells for 48 and 72 hours,IC50 of HCPT-PC was higher than that of HCPT by 3.57,11.14,2.79,37.26,21.23 and 24.49 times,respectively. Conclusion HCPT is compounded into an amorphous-state HCPT-PC by a weak interaction with the polar end of PC. Its solubility and anti-hepatocarcinoma activity are signif-icantly higher than HCPT.

Difference in myocardial strain between obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy and nonobstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the difference in myocardial strain of left ventricle between obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy (HCM) and nonobstructive HCM. Methods · Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam was performed on 48 sequential enrolled patients with HCM (18 with obstructive HCM, and 30 with nonobstructive HCM), whose left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were over 50%. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were examined as normal controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), global circumferentialstrain (GCS), LVEF, left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricularmass (LVM), left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were collected and compared. Radial strain, circumferential strain and peak radial displacement were also measured in medial segment of left ventricle according to American Heart Association (AHA) 17-segment model. Results · ① LVEF of the patients with obstructive HCM was bigger than those of nonobstructive HCM patients and control group (P<0.05). LVM and LVMI of the HCM groups were bigger than those of control group (P<0.01). ② Left ventricle GLS, GRS, and GCS significantly decreased in the patients with nonobstructive HCM compared to those with obstructive HCM (P<0.05). The three parameters of two HCM groups were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (P<0.05). ③ Compared with obstructive HCM patients,the segmental parameters of left ventricule, the medial segment circumferential strain and radial strain of nonobstructive HCM patients significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the two parameters of both HCM groups were lower than those in healthy volunteers. Compared with obstructive HCM patients and healthy volunteers, peak radial displacement of left ventricule medial segment in nonobstructive HCM witnessed a significant decrease, while no significant difference was observed between obstructive HCM patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusion · In the LVEF preserved HCM patients, the myocardial strain of left ventricle in nonobstructive HCM patients decrease significantly than that in obstructive HCM patients, which may result in the different clinical outcomes intwo types of HCM patients. It is suggested that the myocardial strain is more sensitive than ejection fraction in the evaluation of myocardial performance of HCM patients.

Exercise effects on pain relief and extracellular matrix production in a rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Exercise has been proved to accelerate the proliferation of intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix production in healthy rats. For the degenerative intervertebral disc, whether exercise also has positive effects on its cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production or pain relief remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exercise on the extracellular matrix production in a rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS: A rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration was prepared by Freund's complete adjuvant injection into the intervertebral disc at L5-6 levels. Then, the model rats were allowed to have a rest for 2 weeks. All rats were then randomly divided into exercise and control groups. Rats in the exercise group were forced to run every day, while the controls allowed free activities in the cage. The behavioral tests were performed at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after modeling; meanwhile, the intervertebral disc samples were collected used for alcian blue staining and immunohistochemical staining to detect the levels of proteoglycan, aggrecan and collagen type Ⅱ in the intervertebral disc cells, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Vocalization threshold on the rat back of punctured disc was significantly decreased, while grooming and wet-dog shaking were significantly increased at 7 days after modeling compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), suggesting that Freund's complete adjuvant injection successfully induces disc degeneration, hyperalgesia and abnormal behaviors. Further, the vocalization threshold and wet-dog shaking in the exercise group showed significant improvement compared with the control group after 14 days of exercise (P < 0.05), while the grooming was significantly reduced until the 28th day (P < 0.01), indicating that exercise can alleviate pain caused by disc degeneration in model rats. At 21 days after modeling, the levels of proteoglycan, aggrecan and collagen type Ⅱ in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were significantly decreased compared with the baseline (P < 0.01), indicating the occurrence of disc degeneration. After 14 days of training, the levels of proteoglycan, aggrecan, and collagen type Ⅱ in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in the exercise group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, after 8-week exercise, the level of proteoglycan in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in the exercise group was increased by 4-5 times compared with the control group, and levels of aggrecan and collagen type Ⅱ in the nucleus pulposus in the exercise group also was increased by 3-4 times compared with the control group. To conclude, exercise can promote extracellular matrix increased by production by increasing the levels of proteoglycan, aggrecan, and collagen type II in the degenerative intervertebral disc.

Determination of five active components in Draconis Resina by QAMS method / 中草药

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for determination of five active components in Draconis Resina and discuss application of QAMS in quality control of ethnic medicines. Methods Using the method of HPLC, the Fortis Xi C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (A)-1.0% acetic acid (B) with gradient elution (0-10 min, A: 25%→30%; 10-60 min, A: 30%→50%) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 278 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 10 μL. Pterostilbene was selected as an internal standard to establish the relative correction factors (RCFs) of 7, 4’-dihydroxyflavone, resveratrol, loureirin A, and loureirin B with reference to pterostilbene so as to achieve simultaneous determination of multi-indexed components. The contents of five active components were determined by both external standard method (ESM) and QAMS. Meanwhile, relative error (RE) between QAMS and ESM was analyzed to evaluate QAMS method. Results There were good linearities in the range of 10.23-102.27 μg/mL for 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone, 11.01-110.14 μg/mL for resveratrol, 9.47-94.72 μg/mL for loureirin A, 11.59-115.90 μg/mL for loureirin B and 24.35-243.52 μg/mL for pterostilbene, RCFs of 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone, resveratrol, loureirin A and loureirin B with reference to pterostilbene were 0.626, 1.064, 1.154, and 0.837 respectively, and repeatability was good in different experimental conditions (RSD < 3.0%).There were no significant difference between the quantitative results of the two methods. Conclusion QAMS method is feasible, credible, and can be used to determine multiple components in Draconis Resina. QAMS can be adopted as a novel strategy for quality control of ethnic medicines.

Correlation between the MRI-based grading system and F wave as well as H-reflex in patients with lumbar disc herniation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Lumbar spine MRI and electrophysiological test are reliable methods for evaluating nerve root injury caused by lumbar disc herniation. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between the MRI-based grading system and the latency and frequency of F wave as wel as latency and amplitude of H-reflex in patients with lumbar disc herniation. METHODS:MRI imaging of the lumbar spine was performed with a 3.0-T imager and a dedicated TCL coil to classify lumbar disc herniation and nerve root compression. F wave and H reflex were detected on the patient bilateral tibial nerves using Oxford myoelectricity evoked potential instrument. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Spearman correlation analysis showed that the MRI-based grading of patients with lumbar disc herniation had a negative correlation with F wave frequency (r=-0.594 0, P<0.000 1), and a positive correlation with F wave latency (r=0.825 6, P<0.000 1) and H-reflex latency (r=0.875 0, P<0.000 1), but no correlation with H-reflex amplitude (R=0.117 4, P=0.257 3). With MRI grading increased, F wave frequency was decreased, and F wave and H-reflex latency were prolonged gradual y, indicating aggravating nerve root compression.

Growth and secretion features of microencapsulated human adrenal pheochromocytoma cells in artificial cerebrospinal fluid / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Microencapsulated cels are commonly used as a tool to overcome immune rejection after subarachnoid transplantation. However, the effect of microencapsulation on the secretion of human pheochromocytoma cels is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the growth and secretion of primarily microencapsulated cultured human pheochromocytoma cels in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: The human pheochromocytoma tissues were digested successively to isolate human pheochromocytoma cels that were then cultured in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Primary cels were covered with alginate-polylysine-alginate microcapsules, and then the cel morphology was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope. Levels of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine in cel culture medium were detected by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used cel counting kit-8 colorimetric assay to obtain the growth curve of human pheochromocytoma cels in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microcapsulated human pheochromocytoma cels were in suspension and the process outgrowth increased slowly. Compared with non-microcapsulated cels, the proliferation rate of microcapsulated cels increased significantly. ELISA results revealed a significant increase in the levels of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine secreted from the microencapsulated cels compared to the non-microcapsule group. There was a wide variation in contents of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine from different tumors. These findings indicate that microencapsulated human pheochromocytoma cels can survive wel and have good secretion function in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, and human pheochromocytoma cels from different tumor tissues have stable secretory function.

Application of 3C bolus wizard on controlling postprandial glucose in diabetic patients / 现代临床护理

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of 3C bolus wizard on postprandial glucose levels in diabetic patients. MethodFifty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes in our hospital were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)and CareLink(3C for short)for 6 days.The function of “3C” bolus wizard was applied during treatment and all the patients were given dietary nursing and health education.The glucose level was observed.ResultThe level of P2hBG of the 58 patients was between 6.4~10.7mmol/L in 3~6 days.ConclusionsBolus wizard plays an important role in “3C” treatment.It can make the postprandial glucose of patients satisfactorily controlled in a short time only to avoid insulin hypoglycemia because of large doses of insulin.At the same time,health education on patients can achieve remarkable results as well.

Study on efficacy of liujunzi decoction combined with zuojin pills in treating acute radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills in treating the radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism, and compare with clinical routine acid suppressants combined with mucous membrane protective preparations to study the mechanism of their efficacy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the study of Williams J P and characteristics of duodenitis, and by reference to the radiation enteritis modeling standard, we took the lead in establishing the mouse radioactive duodenal injury model. The model mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 16) and the western medicine (oral administration with famotidine 0.5 mL + almagate suspension 0.3 mL per mouse, once a day) group (n = 16). After the standard administrating, such objective indexes as general condition, weight, changes in health score, pathology and expression of inflammatory factors were observed to evaluate the efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The radioactive duodenitis model of mice was successfully established with 12 Gy. Mice in the control group suffered from weight loss, anorexia, low fluid intake, loose stools, and occasionally mucous bloody stool, poor spirit, dim fur, lack of exercise and arch back. Mice in drug intervention groups were generally better than those in the pure irradiation group. The IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in spleen and mesenteric lymph node tissues in TCM and western medicine groups showed a declining trend compared with the control group. Their concentrations in peripheral blood serum also slightly changed. The TCM group revealed notable advantage in reducing inflammatory factors. The microscopic observation showed that a better mucosa repair in intervention groups than the pure irradiation group. The improved Chiu's scoring method showed a statistical significance in the difference between TCM and western medicine groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills could treat acute radiation enteritis, regulate organic immunity, and inhibit acute injury, promote local tissue repair, with the potential to resist such adverse effects as radiation intestinal fibrosis. The regulation of inflammatory factor release is one of efficacy generation mechanisms.</p>

Mutating Escherichia coli by atmospheric and room temperature plasmas for succinic acid production from xylose / 生物工程学报

Escherichia coli AFP111 is a spontaneous mutant with mutations in the glucose specific phosphotransferase system (ptsG) in NZN111 (delta pflAB deltaldhA). In AFP111, conversion of xylose to succinic acid generates 1.67 molecule of ATP per xylose. However, the strain needs 2.67 molecule ATP for xylose metabolism. Therefore, AFP111 cannot use xylose due to insufficient ATP under anaerobic condition. Through an atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) jet, we got a mutant strain named DC111 that could use xylose under anaerobic condition in M9 medium to produce succinic acid. After 72 h, DC111 consumed 10.52 g/L xylose to produce 6.46 g/L succinic acid, and the yield was 0.78 mol/mol. Furthermore, the reaction catalyzed by the ATP-generating PEP-carboxykinase (PCK) was enhanced. The specific activity of PCK was 19.33-fold higher in DC111 than that in AFP111, which made the strain have enough ATP to converse xylose to succinic acid.

Cerebral infarction following operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To analyze the reasons and treatment measures of cerebral infarction following operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Sixty-one patients with cerebral infarction following operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. Results The outcome was evaluated on basis of activities of daily lives (ADL): Ⅰ 10 cases, Ⅱ 11 cases, Ⅲ 14 cases, Ⅳ 8 cases, Ⅴ3 cases and death 12 cases. Conclusions The occurrence of cerebral infarction following operation hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is associated with degree of the hemorrhage compression, vasospasm, hypertension,operative skill and postoperative management. The early operation, improved operative skill and hyperbaric oxygenation are the important factors for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral infarction.

Expression of CREB/Bcl-2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with acute leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression and role of cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 in children with acute leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-two children with acute leukemia (leukemia group) and 30 children with non-hematologic malignancies (control group) were enrolled. The mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the leukemia group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the expression of CREB and Bcl-2 between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia subgroups. At the initial diagnosis, the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in children with extramedullary infiltration was higher than that in children without (p<0.05). In the leukemia group, the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the complete remission subgroup was significantly lower than that in the non-complete remission subgroup (p<0.01). High mRNA expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the leukemia group was positively correlated with peripheral blood leucocyte counts (r=0.62, 0.71 respectively, p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 (r=0.75, 0.68 respectively; p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CREB and Bcl-2 may be correlated with the pathogenesis and clinical prognosis of childhood leukemia, however, their expression may not be associated with the classification of acute leukemia.</p>

Application of hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of peripheral tumor cell infiltration of gliomas / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To explore the application of hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the diagnosis of peripheral tumor cell infiltration of gliomas. Methods Forty patients with glioma were examined by 1H-MRS preoperation, and were divided into low grade glioma group (n=20) and high grade glioma group (n=20) according to postoperative pathological diagnosis. Tumor resection with peripheral tissues marked previously was carried out under the guidance of neuronavigator system. All the pathological sections were divided into positive group and negative group according to the presence or absence of tumor cells, and the differences in pathological findings of peripheral regions (region 1, 2 and 3) and 1H-MRS values were analyzed in these two groups. Results No infiltration was found in the peripheral regions of low grade glioma group except for one case in peripheral region 1, while infiltration was found in all peripheral regions of high grade glioma group. There was no significant difference in 1H-MRS values between positive group (n=24) and negative group (n=36) in patients with high grade glioma (P>0.05). Conclusion 1H-MRS enjoys some advantages over routine radiological examinations in the diagnosis of peripheral tumor cell infiltration of gliomas. Total removal can be expected when combined with neuronavigator system, while there is room for improvement for relevant techniques.